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Presto ETL
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Presto is an open-source, distributed SQL query engine designed for running interactive queries on large datasets. Developed initially by Facebook (now Meta), Presto allows users to query data from various sources, including Hadoop, NoSQL databases, object storage, and traditional relational databases, using standard SQL syntax.

SQL on Any Data Source:

Presto allows you to query data from multiple data sources using SQL. These sources include HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System), Amazon S3, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Cassandra, Kafka, and others. Presto can perform joins between tables across different data sources, something traditional databases can't do easily.

Low Latency, Interactive Queries:

Presto is designed for low-latency, interactive analytics rather than batch processing. It can return results quickly for complex analytical queries even when working with very large datasets.

Flexible Data Access:

Presto is not limited to any single type of storage or database format. It can connect to and query a wide variety of data sources, allowing users to unify data spread across different systems.

SQL Compliant:

Presto supports ANSI SQL, including complex queries with joins, aggregations, sub-queries, and window functions. This makes it accessible to a wide range of users familiar with SQL.

Memory-Intensive Architecture:

In-Memory Processing: Presto processes queries in-memory for faster execution, but this can lead to high memory usage. For very large datasets or complex queries, the memory demands can overwhelm individual nodes, causing out-of-memory errors or degraded performance.

Data Skew: Presto can struggle with uneven data distribution (data skew), where some nodes are overloaded while others are underutilized, leading to inefficient use of memory and slower query performance.

Complex Query Optimization:

Manual Tuning: Presto’s query optimizer may not always deliver the best performance for complex queries. Some large or nested queries may require manual intervention or tuning for optimal performance, such as adjusting joins, partitioning, or memory settings.

No Cost-Based Optimization: Unlike some other query engines, Presto does not fully support cost-based query optimization (CBO), which limits its ability to automatically optimize query plans based on data statistics.

Limited Native Security Features:

Basic Security: Presto's out-of-the-box security features are limited. While it supports some authentication mechanisms and basic role-based access control (RBAC), for more advanced enterprise-level security, users need to integrate with external tools like LDAP, Kerberos, or custom authentication mechanisms.

Data Governance: Presto doesn't inherently offer strong governance tools, such as fine-grained access control at the row or column level, which may be important for organizations that need strict data governance and compliance features.